Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition, affecting an estimated 18-28% of people in the United States according to a recent study. This number is likely higher, as it is thought that many cases of GERD go undiagnosed. Characterized by heartburn and difficulty swallowing, GERD is a chronic disorder that can lead to a range of debilitating symptoms. GERD Awareness Month sheds light on the condition and its effects on daily life. Staying informed about GERD is the first step towards early treatment and helping those with GERD better manage this condition.
What Is GERD?
GERD is a chronic condition in which stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus. This acid can irritate the lining of the esophagus and lead to a range of symptoms. GERD occurs because the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes improperly. While occasional acid reflux is common, GERD is diagnosed when symptoms occur more than twice a week and interfere with daily life.
Understanding GERD Symptoms
GERD can manifest in various ways, and some symptoms may be more noticeable than others. Common symptoms of GERD include chronic heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain (typically occurring after meals or when lying down), difficulty or pain when swallowing (dysphagia), sore throat or hoarseness, and cough or asthma-like symptoms. GERD may also disrupt sleep, causing insomnia, sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, and reflux of stomach acid into the mouth can cause a range of dental issues, such as tooth erosion and bad breath.
If left untreated, GERD can lead to more serious complications, including esophageal cancer or Barrett’s esophagus, a condition where the lining of the esophagus changes due to damage from stomach acid.
Why GERD Awareness Month Matters
GERD Awareness Month, observed in November, provides an opportunity to share information about this common but often misunderstood condition. It is estimated that millions of people in the United States suffer from GERD, and many may not realize the long-term risks associated with chronic heartburn. By raising awareness, healthcare organizations and GERD advocates can help people recognize GERD symptoms early, seek appropriate treatment, and avoid serious complications.
Risk Factors for GERD
Certain lifestyle habits and health conditions increase the risk of developing GERD. Common risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, diet, use of certain medications, and hiatal hernia (a condition where part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm). Spicy foods, fatty or fried foods, caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate are known to trigger acid reflux in some people. Antihistamines, calcium channel blockers, and antidepressants, can relax the LES and contribute to GERD. Recognizing these risk factors is essential for identifying people at higher risk and encouraging preventive measures and screening for early detection.
Diagnosing GERD Early
Early diagnosis of GERD is key to preventing complications. If you experience symptoms of GERD or at an increased risk, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider. There are several methods used to diagnose GERD, including:
- Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the esophagus for signs of damage.
- pH Monitoring: This test measures the amount of acid in the esophagus over 24 hours to determine the severity of acid reflux.
- Barium Swallow: This X-ray exam can detect abnormalities in the esophagus and stomach.
- Esophageal Manometry: This test measures the strength and function of the esophageal muscles.
Treatment Options for GERD
There are several treatment options available for GERD, depending on the severity of symptoms. Typically, both medical and lifestyle interventions are required to treat GERD. To help reduce stomach acid, over-the-counter medications like antacids, H-2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors may be used, as well as prescription medications in more severe cases. In cases where these treatments do not provide relief, surgical intervention may be necessary. This could include surgery to strengthen the esophageal sphincter or more advanced techniques like fundoplication or gastroenterostomy. It’s important to work with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan based on individual needs and the severity of GERD.
Lifestyle Changes to Manage GERD
Managing GERD often requires lifestyle changes to reduce triggers, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life. Recommended lifestyle changes include the following:
- Avoiding Certain Foods: Steer clear of foods that are known to trigger GERD such as spicy, acidic, or fatty foods, and limit caffeine and alcohol.
- Eating Smaller Meals: Large meals can put extra pressure on the LES. Eating smaller, more frequent meals can help reduce this pressure.
- Losing Weight: For individuals who are overweight or obese, losing weight can reduce pressure on the abdomen and LES.
- Elevating the Head: Sleeping with the head elevated can prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus at night.
- Quitting Smoking: Smoking weakens the LES, so quitting is an important step in managing GERD symptoms.
Raising Awareness and Supporting GERD Research
As part of GERD Awareness Month, GERD Awareness Week is November 24-30, 2024. This is a time when healthcare professionals, organizations, and individuals use social media and community outreach to promote awareness and understanding of GERD. Sharing personal experiences, treatment options, and prevention tips can help others identify symptoms, seek timely care, and even avoid developing GERD. Additionally, supporting GERD research initiatives can lead to better treatment options and improved patient outcomes.
When to Talk to Your Doctor
If you experience heartburn, acid reflux, or other GERD symptoms more than a couple of times a week, it’s important to talk to your doctor. Early intervention can prevent serious complications and lead to better outcomes. Discussing symptoms with a healthcare provider allows for proper diagnosis, individualized treatment, and lifestyle recommendations that can help manage GERD effectively.